Q1. 2 n 1 : Refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1 : : 1 n 2 : _______
2n1 : Refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1 : : 1n2 : Refractive index of medium 1 with respect to medium 2.
Updated on: 2026-03-31 | Author: Rahul Patil
2n1 : Refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1 : : 1n2 : Refractive index of medium 1 with respect to medium 2.
Purple has the lowest refractive index- Wrong
Refractive index has no unit is the unit of refractive index.
A ray of light strikes the glass slab at an angle 40° with the surface of the slab. Then the angle of incidence will be 50°.
Explanation:
The angle of incidence is defined as the angle between the normal drawn at the point of incidence and the incident light ray. Here the light ray is falling at the point of incidence at an angle of 40°. Thus:
Glancing angle is given as 40°
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
Explanation:
Bronze is a solid alloy composed primarily of 88% copper and 12% tin. It is used in the production of hardware, utensils musical instruments, medals, and other items. Due to its resistance to corrosion caused by seawater, it is used in submerged bearings and ship propellants.
Due to refraction of light pencil looks bent in water, in the given experiment.
Absolute refractive index of a medium μ = `"Speed of light in vaccum"/ "Speed of light in the medium"`
If v1 is the velocity of light in vacuum, v2 is the velocity of light in glass and v3 is the velocity of light in water then, absolute refractive index of glass, i.e., a refractive index of glass with respect to vacuum,
Absolute refractive index of water ,i.e., refractive index of water with respect to vacuum,
gnw = `"v"_3/"v"_2`
`= "v"_1/"v"_2 xx "v"_3/"v"_1` ....(Multiplying and dividing R.H.S. of equation by v1)
`= 3/2 xx 3/4` ...[From equations (i) and (ii)]
`= 9/8`
The refractive index of glass with respect to water is `9/8`
To find: Velocity of light in water (v2)
`"v"_2 = "v"_1/"n"`
`= (3 xx 10^8)/1.36`
= 2.21 × 108 m/s
The velocity of light in water is 2.21 × 108 m/s.
3/2
Light changes its direction when going from one transparent medium to another transparent medium. This is called refraction of light.
Explanation:
When light travels through a transparent material, like glass or water, it bends, a phenomenon known as refraction.
This occurs because light travels at various speeds through different optical densities.
Lights of different colours are used as signal for safety transport. From these, the wavelength of red light is 700 nm.
n = `underline((sin "i")/(sin "r"))`. This law is also called as Snell’s law.
Violet coloured light rays bend the most.
Red coloured light rays bend the least.
The wavelength of violet light is close to 400 nm.
| Ray AB | Incident ray |
| Ray NM | Refracted ray |
| Ray MD | Emergent ray |
| ∠ r | Angle of refraction |
Total internal refraction
Refraction of light
Dispersion of light
Rainbow-
Refraction
Dispersion
Total internal reflection
Refractive index of air : 1.0003 : : refractive index of water : 1.33
To find: Refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium (2n1)
2n1 = `(3 xx 10^8)/(2 xx 10^8)` = 1.5
Refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium (2n1) is 1.5.
The incident ray, refracted ray, and normal to the surface at the moment of incidence are all in one plane.
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction remains constant between any two media Snell's Law.
The incident rays and refracting rays are on opposite sides of the normal- Right
The process of separation of light into its component colours while passing through a medium is called dispersion of light.
The speed of light varies in different media- Right
We can see the Sun even when it is little below the horizon because of refraction of light.
Explanation:
We can see the Sun even when it is a little below the horizon because of atmospheric refraction. The Earth’s atmosphere bends the light from the Sun upwards towards the eye of the observer. Even though the Sun itself might be just below the horizon line, the light is refracted or bent by the atmosphere, thus making the Sun appear to be visible.
The homogeneous mixture formed by mixing a metal with other metals or nonmetals in certain proportion is called an alloy.
Light changes its direction when going from one transparent medium to another transparent medium. This change in direction is called the refraction of light.
For example, the coin appears to disappear in a vessel when viewed from a specific angle. But as soon as the water is poured into the vessel at a certain level, the coin appears. This phenomenon is because light rays coming from the coin emerge out of the water and change their direction due to the refraction of light.
| Roasting | Calcination | |
| (1) | The ore is heated in the excess of air. | The ore is heated in the absence of air. |
| (2) | Volatile impurities are removed as oxides (SO2, P2O5, As2O3) and the ore becomes porous and more reactive. | Moisture and organic impurities are removed and the ore becomes porous and more reactive. |
| (3) | Sulphide ores are roasted, so SO2 is given off. \[\ce{2ZnS + 3O2 ->[800^\circ-900^\circ C]2ZnO + 2SO2}\] |
Carbonate and hydrated ores are calcined and CO2 or water vapour are given off. \[\ce{ZnCO3 -> ZnO + CO2}\] |
For a particular value of i (angle of incidence) for which, the value of r (angle of refraction) becomes equal to 90°, is called the critical angle.
When one look at the portion of the pencil that is inside the water, light travels from water to air via glass.
This light ray changes the medium and undergoes refraction.
As a result, the pencil inside the water appears to be broken near the surface of water.
Due to the motion of atmospheric air and change in density and temperature, the atmosphere is not steady. As a result, a refractive index of air in a given region changes continuously and randomly.
Due to this, the position and brightness of the star keep changing continuously and the star appears to be twinkling.
The rays of light from a planet pass through the atmosphere of the earth. As compared to stars, planets are nearer to earth. So a planet can be considered as a collection of a large number of point sources of light.
If the intensity of light from one point source decreases, it increases from the other source. Thus, the average intensity remains the same.
The rays of light coming from the bottom of a pond bend away from the normal as they travel from water (denser medium) to air (rarer medium).
Light rays coming from the coin emerge out of water and change their direction due to the refraction of light.
As ray of light from the Sun enters the earth’s atmosphere, it follows a curved path due to refraction, before reaching the observer.
This makes the apparent position of the Sun slightly higher than the actual position for the observer.