Q1. __________ is a rare species.
Musk deer is a rare species.
Updated on: 2026-03-31 | Author: Rahul Patil
Musk deer is a rare species.
Giant squirrel is an indeterminate species.
Protein is an organic compound of abiotic components.
Nutrients is a chemical factor of abiotic components.
I would like to play the role in spreading awareness about the conservation of the environment. By spreading awareness we can change the mind set and approach of people towards the environment.
Prevention
I will try to prevent possible harms to environment.
I will not use plastics to prevent pollution caused by it.
Control
I will use water and other natural resources in only limited required quantity.
I will stop harmful activities like throwing garbage on the road or in public places.
Production
I will work for the revival of environmental factors.
I will try to develop projects for the conservation of special species.
Awareness-
I will spread awareness through education, guidance, participation in various activities.
Conservation-
I will help in conserving the available resources.
I will protect plants and animals in my locality.
Grass → Insect → Frog → Snake → Eagle
| Endangered Heritage Places of the Country | Threatened / endangered species of an animal | Reasons |
| Western ghat | Asiatic lion and wild bison | Mining industry and search for natural gas |
| Manas sanctuary of the Assam | Rhino | Indiscriminate use of water |
| Sundarban sanctuary of West Bengal | Tiger | Deforestation, dams, excessive fishing, trenches dug for same |
Biodiversity is the richness of living organisms in nature due to the presence of varieties of organisms, ecosystems and genetic variations within a species.
Earthquake : Natural factor : : Industrialization : : Man-made factor
True
Classification of threatened species of animals:
Endangered species: These are the species whose either number is declined or habitat is shrunk to such an extent that they can be extinct in the near future if conservative measures are not implemented. e.g. Lion-tailed monkey (Lion-tailed macaque), Lesser florican.
Rare species: Number of these organisms is considerably declined. Members of this species being endemic may become extinct very fast. These species are rarely encountered and very uncommon.
e.g. Red Panda, Musk deer.
Vulnerable species: Number of these organisms is extremely less and continues to decline. Continuous decline in their number is distressful. These species can quickly move to rare or endangered species groups if appropriate conservation measures are not implemented.
e.g. Lion, Tiger.
Indeterminate species: These organisms appear to be endangered but there is not enough information about these organisms due to their behavioral habits (like shyness). e.g. Giant squirrel (Shekru).
Ecosystem diversity: It refers to variation in ecosystems present in nature. These ecosystems are formed by the interaction between plants, animals, their habitats and changes in the environment. Each ecosystem has its own biotic (animals, plants, microbes) and abiotic factors.
Genetic diversity: It refers to the occurrence of diversity among organisms of same species.
e.g. Each human being is different from others.
Species diversity: It refers to the innumerable species of organisms that occur in nature.
e.g. Variety of plants, animals and microbes.
Pollution
Aluminium
We are aware of different kinds of pollution like pollution of air, water, noise, radiation, soil, thermal, light, plastic, etc.
All these types of pollution have adverse effects on the health of humans and other living organisms.
Due to this conservation of environment also has become the need of an hour.
Human life is an integral part of nature and human survival is closely linked with the environment.
Due to the rapid increase in human population and industrialization, humans have over utilized natural resources; leading to the degradation of the environment.
The environment influences the life of human beings and also human beings modify their environment as humans are the apex predators in the food chain.
Food chain is a definite sequence of interaction between producers, consumers and decomposers (saprophytes).
Existence of producers, consumers and decomposers is interlinked.
If number of any of these increases or decreases the ecological balance is disturbed.
Human life is an integral part of nature and human survival is closely linked with the environment.
The environment influences the life of human beings and also human beings modify their environment as humans are the apex predators in the food chain.
Humans are capable of conserving and improving the quality of nature. Irrational use of the natural resources leads to their depletion.
Depletion of natural resources can affect human lives also.
Occurrence of diversity among the organisms of the same species is called genetic diversity.
The animal seen in the picture seems to be a Lion-tailed Macaque, a species listed as endangered. This primate, which is indigenous to India's Western Ghats, is in danger mostly because of habitat loss.
Endangered species: These are the species whose either number is declined or habitat is shrunk to such an extent that they can be extinct in near future if conservative measures are not implemented. e.g. Lion-tailed monkey (Lion-tailed macaque), Lesser florican.
Endangered species can be saved by the following ways:
Controlling pollution can have a positive impact on animals.
Habitats of the species should be protected and human disturbances should be limited.
Use of eco-friendly resources.
Public awareness about the importance and protection of wildlife.
Vulnerable species: The number of these organisms is extremely less and continues to decline. Continuous decline in their number is distressful. These species can quickly move to rare or endangered species groups if appropriate conservation measures are not implemented.
e.g. Lion, Tiger
The definite geographical area formed by biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions with each other constitute the ecosystem.
Projects on collection of plastic wastes for recycling, conservation of biodiversity, tree plantation programme etc., can be carried out for environmental conservation.
These projects can be carried out in the following ways:
Explaining the adverse effects of the use of plastic on the environment, disposal and management of waste to people.
Convincing people about the importance of trees and the need to participate in a tree plantation campaign.
Making posters that provide more information about environment conservation, saving energy and other natural resources to raise public awareness.
Organizing seminars in which environmentalists will guide students about environment conservation.
Spreading awareness through celebrating earth day and environment protection day.
Unnecessary and unacceptable change in the environment due to natural events or human activities is known as environmental pollution.
Recycle and reuse materials in order to reduce waste.
Please do not litter; Dispose of your waste in a dustbin/Trash bin.
Mr. Molai single handedly transformed a barren land into a forest.
It was due to his positive attitude, affection towards nature, and hard work, that he could achieve success in planting trees, in over 1360 acres of land.
From the story of Jadav Molai Payeng, we learn that we all need to make Earth a better place to live for us as well as for the coming generations.
From his story, it is clear that if a large crowd causes harm to the environment, even a single person, if determined can establish a forest and benefit the environment in great ways.
Also, if one person can make such an impact, many people coming together in unity to take efforts for environment conservation can bring about a revolution.
The factors affecting the environment are natural and artificial factors.
Natural factors such as earthquakes, volcanoes, droughts, etc. can adversely affect the environment.
Also, artificial or man-made factors like environmental pollution caused due to population explosion, fast industrialization, and indiscriminate use of natural resources, deforestation and unplanned urbanization can harm the environment.
Biotic and abiotic factors are related to each other in an ecosystem, and if any of the factors is changed or removed, it can affect the entire ecosystem and further affect the environment.
The types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, soil or land pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, light pollution and radioactive pollution.
Pollution affects the life of human beings and other living organisms. Also, it affects other natural elements like air, soil, water, etc.
Persistence of pollutants in nature has adverse effects on human health and environment.
Anthropogenic activities like mining, etc., have a negative impact on the ecosystem, biodiversity, natural resources and habitats.
Pollution leads to loss of biodiversity, global warming, reduction in the number of plant and animal species, etc.
Human health is largely impacted by degradation of the environment. Reduction in quality of air, water and other resources poses a threat to human life.
Deforestation, population explosion, over-exploitation of natural resources, industrialization, agriculture, urbanization, mining, etc.
The forest protected or conserved in the name of God (on religious grounds) and considered to be sacred is known as sacred grove or Devrai.
Sacred groves are in fact sanctuaries conserved by society and not by the government forest department.
It has special protection, as it has been conserved due to special religious importance.
Sacred groves are present not only in the Western Ghats of India but in the entire country.
More than 13000 sacred groves have been identified all over India.
Paddy Field → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle
The given food chain belongs to the cropland ecosystem (terrestrial ecosystem).
i. This ecosystem is man-engineered and artificially maintained by man by adding energy and planned manipulation.
ii. Manmade/artificial ecosystem is less complex as compared to natural ecosystem.
iii. This ecosystem relies on human efforts for its sustenance. Without human intervention and supervision, such man-made ecosystems will disintegrate.
iv. In the given ecosystem, paddy crops in the field are primary producers that obtain energy from the sun. This energy is transferred to the primary consumers (grasshoppers).
Secondary consumers (frogs) feed on grasshoppers, which in turn pass on the energy to tertiary consumers (snakes). The apex consumers are eagles.
Considering that frogs feed on grasshoppers in a paddy field, if the population of frogs declines/decreases suddenly, then the number of grasshoppers feeding on paddy crops will increase. Thus, the production of paddy crops will decrease.