Geography Class 10 Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation And Wildlife Solutions

The habitat of every animal is unique.

In ecology, a habitat is the kind of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives. Different animals and plants require different living conditions to survive. They live in those places where they find food, shelter, etc.

Accordingly, the wildlife of any country is dependent on its natural vegetation. Animals that prey on the plant-eating animals also live in the forests. Thus, many food chains developed in the forests.

Forests or grasslands are the habitats for many animals. It is basically due to plants that there are many animals.

For e.g. In the Gir forests of India, along with lion, herbivores animals are also found. Similarly, in the rivers, estuaries and coastal areas, turtles, crocodiles and gavials (gharial) are found.

In Brazil, near the Amazon River Basin, in the Evergreen forests regions, tall trees are seen and on these trees Tamarin is found.

In this way, the wildlife and natural vegetation in India and Brazil are correlated with each other.

Answer

The population of India is increasing rapidly. To keep up with unsustainable human population growth, more and more land is required. Cities are expanding at an alarming rate and stretching beyond their original borders.

Housing developments infringe upon plant and animal homes by constructing buildings. This habitat degradation has led to the loss of wildlife.

Moreover, due to shifting agriculture, deforestation tears down trees and large plants, thus leaving animals without shelter and food.

Smuggling of wild animals, poaching endangered species, overfishing in rivers and oceans has led to loss in wildlife biodiversity in India.

Pollution is another major reason for the decrease in wildlife in India. For example, Pesticides sprayed on crops kills other plant species.

Thus, due to human encroachment in the natural habitat of wild animals, deforestation, smuggling, poaching, overfishing and pollution, wildlife in India is decreasing day by day.

Answer

Brazil's Amazon jungles are home to a diverse range of insects due to the country's high wildlife density and diversity.

Because it rains all year round, the area surrounding the Amazon basin is home to evergreen woods.

Due to the deposition of particles raised by the Amazon River and the 150-kilometre-wide Amazon Canal, the soil and water conditions are perfect for the development of dense forests.

In addition to the many species found in the northern tropical rainforests, they can also be found in deciduous forests, meadows, wetlands, and other places.

Answer

Evergreen forests are found in the regions where there is heavy rainfall throughout the year.

Due to the evergreen rainforests in Brazil, a large amount of oxygen is released in the environment.

This reduces the carbon dioxide levels in the environment.

Answer

Amazon River flows in the northern part of Brazil and nearly two-third part of Brazil is covered by this river.

Thus, due to the Amazon River, heavy rainfall, ample sunlight, hot and humid climate, and very few human settlements which indicate negligible interference of human, the northern part of Brazil is covered by dense forests.

Answer

The climate is very cold in the high altitudes of the Himalayas.

During winters, in Jammu & Kashmir and parts of mountainous regions of the Himalayas, the temperatures drop to −40°. There is heavy snowfall.

Answer

A wide variety of wildlife is found in Brazil because it has high diversity, especially in the Amazon rainforests.

Evergreen forests are found in this region around the Amazon basin as it rains throughout the year.

Because of the deposition of sediments brought up by the river amazon and as the amazon canal is 150km in width, it forms ideal conditions in terms of soil and water for the growth of dense forests.

Apart from the numerous species found in the tropical rainforests of the north, they are also found in the swamps, grasslands, deciduous forests, etc.

Forests in Brazil also need conservation like India because they are under the threat of commercial activities like deforestation and pollution.

Traditional agricultural practice like slash and burn is also a cause of destruction.

In India, the government is taking various initiatives to protect the wildlife of India by bringing in laws against poaching and creating awareness on animal protection like the ‘Project Tiger’, etc.

Mediterranean forest

Explanation:

While India has diverse forest types like mangrove, thorny bush, and equatorial forests, Mediterranean forests are characteristic of regions with specific climates found in southern Europe, California, and parts of the Middle East, not India.

Orchid

Lion

Explanation:

Brazil (especially the Amazon region) is home to animals like the Anaconda and Tamarin. A Lion is not found in Brazil (it is mainly found in Africa), so the lion is the odd one out.

The Himalayan Forests

Explanation:

The Himalayan Forests are found in the Himalayan mountain ranges found in India. They can further be subdivided into three types of forests depending on their altitude.

Orchid

Explanation:

In the north most region of India Himalayan forests are found.

Lion is the national animal of India- Wrong

Correct statement-

Tiger is the national animal of India.

Pink dolphin is the characteristic of Brazil.

Rain forests of Brazil are known as Lungs of the world.

The rainforests in Brazil are called the Amazon Rainforest. It is also known as the Selvas.

To ensure a continuous food supply to meet the needs of the ever-increasing population, more and more areas need to be brought under agriculture. For the expansion of agricultural land, forest areas are being cut down.

In both India and Brazil, forests are being cut down for firewood and for other domestic needs.

Slash and Burn agriculture, which is also called Roka in Brazil and Jhum in India, is responsible for deforestation.

Apart from all the above reasons, forest fires, pollution, overgrazing, etc., are also responsible for the degradation of forests.

Extinction of many species of wildlife: In both countries, there is a significant decline in wild animals. This is mainly due to illegal smuggling of animals, poaching of endangered species, pollution, etc.

Deforestation: For shifting agriculture, land under forests is cleared by cutting and burning. On this patch of land, a subsistence type of agriculture is followed for the next few years. Once this land loses fertility, another patch of land that is under the forest is cleared.

This increased deforestation has led to the degradation of the environment. For example, ‘Roca’ in Brazil and ‘Jhum’ in northeast India have badly affected the environment.

Pollution: Pollution is the next threat to the environment. It has led to the degradation of the environment.

These environmental issues have not only badly affected the environment, but many endemic species are on the verge of going extinct.

Coastal type of forest (e.g mangroves) is found in swampy regions of India.

Rainfall and climate are the two important factors which affect the natural vegetation of any country.

India is a tropical region and it has a monsoon type of climate. It receives maximum rainfall from the months of June to September due to the Southwest monsoon winds.

Moreover, it experiences hot climate throughout the year. Due to this, deciduous forests are found here. These forests are found in regions where the rainfall is between 1000 mm and 2000 mm.

In dry seasons, trees shed their leaves so that water is not lost due to evaporation. Teak, bamboo, banyan, peepal, etc., are the trees found in these forests.

Answer

Great diversity in terms of wildlife is found in India.

In the hot and humid forests, elephants are found in great number.

In the swampy and marshy lands of Assam, one-horned rhinoceroses are found while in the arid lands wild ass and camels are found.

Snow leopards and yaks are found in the snow-capped regions of the Himalayas while in the Peninsular region, Indian Bisons, deer, antelopes and monkeys are found.

Many turtles, crocodiles and gavials (Gharial) are found in the rivers, estuaries and coastal areas.

A variety of birds like Peacocks, the Great Indian bustard, Kingfishers, peasants, ducks, parakeets, cranes, and pigeons are found in the forests and wetlands of India.

One significant feature of the wildlife in India is that it is the only country in the world where both tigers and lions are found.

Answer

The natural vegetation of any country is dependent on the factors like rainfall, climate, land, and relief.

In Brazil, rainfall varies due to its physiography. The number of rainy days, as well as the amount of rainfall, reduces as one moves away from the equator. This affects the life cycle of vegetation.

Due to this, Brazil has the largest number of vegetation species in the world. This includes evergreen vegetation, semi-evergreen, arid, etc. Pau Brasil, rubber, mahogany, rosewood and a variety of orchids are found in Brazil.

The density of the vegetation reduces in regions that receive rainfall only during certain seasons. In such regions, instead of forests, various types of grasses, short shrubs, thorny vegetation, etc., are found.